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VACUUM PAN. No. 509,045. Patented Nov. 21, 189s.

(No Moda.) Y 5 sheetssheet 3. E. YPA'YS'SBURG, VAGUUMPAN.

No. A599,045. Patentea'Nov.- 21, 1893.-

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E. PASS'BURG.- VACUUM PML Y10,509,045 Patented Nov. 21,1893.

j UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

-/MIL PASSBURG, OF BRESLAU, GERMANY.

VACUUM-PAN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 509,045, dated November21, 1893.

Application filed March 28, 1893.

To all whom it may con/cern.- v

Be it known that I, EMIL PASSBUEG, a sub` ject of the Emperor ofGermany, and a resi` dent-of Breslau, Germany, have invented certain newand useful Improvements in Evaporating Apparatus, of which the followingis a specification. o

l This invention relates to apparatus' for evaporating the lighter ormore volatile constituents from a liquid-of any kind by employment ofcorrugated or other heaters with- 1n a closed chamber more or lessexhausted of air and maintained under reduced atmospheric pressure, theliquid t be evaporated and reduced to a greater density being caused toflow in a film down the surfaces of the said heaters. v I v The purposeof the present invention is to.

-improve this kind of evaporatorv in certain modilications andadditional features of its construction so that its utility inevaporati'ng power may be increased, and consequently the ;V cost of anevaporating plant for a desired output, correspondingly diminished.These improvements will be hereinafter described and pointed out in theclaims.` s f A Reference being made to theannexed draw-A ings, Figure lis a cross section on line l. l.

of Fig. 2 and Fig. 2 is a similar section on line;

2. 2. of Fig. 1 showing the. evaporator. Fig.

2a is a vertical section of the heater removed. Y

Fig. 3 is a horizontal section Online 3. 3. Figs. l and 2.4 Fig. 4 is anelevation of'a complete evaporating plant. Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8 arealternative constructionsofl heater for use in the evaporating chamber,all lshown in vertical cross section. Fig. 9 is an elevation Ypartly insection of another modified form of heater and of the framework thereof.Figs. l0 and 11. are sections on lines l0. 10 and 1l. 1l. re` spectivelyin Fig. 9.

The evaporator consists of a chamberA preferably rectangular in form ofconsiderable height and ending above inthe flange A into which thecorresponding tlangeB of the cover B may be bolted so as to secure anair tight joint. The cap B-has anoutlet C to which the exhaust pipe maybe connected.

bbeare the heaters vertically arranged in the chamberA for evaporationof the liquid flowing down their surfaces. These are so constructed thatthey are suspended only from Serial No. 468,027. (No model.)

the cover B., and with the exception of the draining pipes at the bottomhave no connection with or support from the walls of chamber A.

It hasbeen found that if the liquid to be evaporated is subjected to appelianinary heating andV while in a state of any considerabletemperature is brought in contactv with the surface of the heaters b bit splutters and will ynot flow evenly down the surface of the heaters,much of it being projected and falling into the base of the chamberwithout flowing 1down the heater. If on the contrary the liq- 'uid benot previously heated a considerable lportion of its travel over thesurface of the heater is occupied in raising the temperature oftheliquid to a point at which evaporation will commence so that aproportionate superficial length of the heater is, as rey gardsevaporation itself, not utilized. The Ipurpose 'of the rst improvementis'to obvilateall difficulties connected with an exact regulation Qflthetemperature of the incoming liquid by affording means whereby liquidheated Vabove the temperature required may `side walls of the cover Bwithin an annu-Y lar space R partitioned off by a side wall uR cast withthe cover and strengthened by cross i partitions f so made as to leavespaces f at the base for free passage of the liquid and at the'top atf2, the interior partition R having also holes at the top at f3 so thatthe pressure in the evaporator may be always the same as in the chamberR. The liquid in the chamber B. is regulated to the temperatureprevailing in the evaporator .and passes outv at the several outlets R2through return bend pipes S connected at their ends-respectively to thecover B and the lower chamber A- into which latter chamber the pipes Slead direct into horizontal troughs u one into each; the

respectively in each heater in the chamber A and revoluble on theirlongitudinal axes so as conduits thereto. v i

and extending across the same 1s a series of i to supply theliq uidevenly and properly along each face Yof the heater. i I rangement ofthese troughs enables any of them to be more sharply tilted than theothers to supply more liquid, and also, since'th'e at# temperation ofthe liquid to the temperature prevailing in the chamber A is stillcontinued so long as the liquid is in the troughs, a sharper tilt willenable the troughs to hold less bulk of liquid and consequently the timeduring which the liquid is under process of preliminary attemperationmay be correspondingly'shortened or len gthened according to the greateror less tilt givenY to thetroughs.

The troughs are preferably supplied through hollow trunnions alignedwith the pipes Sl respectively and are rotated by handles e titted withindicators of their positions and secured on the ends of the trunnionsof' the troughs u projecting through stuffing boxes at the ends oppositethe pipes S.

Further improvement relates to the construction of the heaters b and ofthe supply In the base of the cover -B closed chambers or pipes kcontinued at one end outside the cover and terminating in short lengthsof pipe with Ilanges for the connection of the supply pipes from themain B through which the heating fluid arrives.-

Along the lower walls of these pipeflike chamthe walls of the chambersla is made for attachment to the heater proper which is made by rivetingtwo corrugated or other sheets of metal upon a frame r.' This frame rconsists of a Iiattened bar-the thickness of which is equivalent to thedistance to be had between the corrugated plates or sheets of metal andsheetsfto it. This bar is bent twice rectan gularly in the same planeand thus constiber on the same side of the latter and parallel to andequal in length to eachother. The frame lr is now corrugated,ifcorrugated side plates are employed in place of at plates and thesecorrugations will be according to the shape of corrugations of the sideplates chosen, and will run transversely on the side members of theframe fr and parallel to the length of the lower member thereof. Theform of the frame r is shown by the dotted lines in Fig. 2 indicatingits inner edge, the outer edge being dush with the edgesof the sideplates riveted on it. The heater, when the sides are riveted on theframe r will thus possess but one opening or entrance and this openingwhich corresponds to the distance between the upper ends of the sidemembers of the frame r in the one direction andbetween vthe edges of theside plates of the heater in the other direction corresponds in breadthand extent to the slit s so that when each The adjustable aras the twoshown.

heater is soldered or otherwise forced on the under face of therespectiye chamber la the slit s affords an unrestricted access to theinterior of the heater for the steam or equivalent heating vapor and theheater is suspended from the cover B within the chamber A out of contactwith the walls or floor of the latter. The pipe m leading to the wall ofthe chamber A and communicating with the eX- "terior pipe m aiordsoutlet for condensed water from the bottom of the interior ot' eachheater. i i Y n is a Siphon outlet pipe for the denser liquidwhich'liowsoff the heater and collects in the bottom of the chamber A.

In the modification shownin Figs. 9 10 and 11 the heater b isconstructed upon a four `sided rectangular4 frame, instead of upontheframe before 'mentioned'havinga lower member and two side melnbersonly,but the fourth side r of this frame corresponding -to the open side ofthe three membered frame is provided witha number of passage ways o0 ofcollectively as great a cross sectional area as the aforesaid slits. Toenable-this area to be attained this side of the frame must be madethicker and the cross area of the heater i gradually reduced from theextra breadth 'needed to the ordinary breadth between the `:plateswithin a vshort distance below the uplper end of the-heater.

bers lo are slits s and the outer under face ofV i The complete plantfor evaporating is 'shown iniv Fig. 4, there beingany desired number ofevaporators Aconnected in the sa'me manner RB is the tank containing`liquid to be subjected to evaporation. Pipe R4 carries this liquid toboiler V or heater of any convenient kind and pipe R5 carries the heatedliquid to the several evaporators. -The the breadth of which issufficient for the holes j to be punched through it for riveting thesaid air pump P draws off the vapors through pipes L and causes4 them tobe condensed in any convenient condenser C. In the arrangev mentshownthe vapors-from each evaporator tutes a lower member and two sidemembers 1 are employed as the evaporating agent-in the perpendicular tothe ends of the lower mem` heaters of the next evaporator in series andtheir condensed liquid consequently-'runs out at the pipesm to anyconvenient receiver;

yThe denser .liquors from the pipes n are received in vessels D D.

For control of the -process thermometers t are placed in the pipes L,gage level glasses in connection with the chambers Rand A as shown atit' andf'pressure gages at o o. The level gages t' may containhydrometersas at 7l Fig. 1 for indication of the density of theresultant liquid. Having now described my invention, I claim and desireto secure by Letters Patent- 1. In an evaporator, the combination of achamber A, a cover B thereto, cross pipes lo in the base of said cover,hollow heaters b depending severally from said cross pipes andcommunicating therewith, troughs for supplying the liquid to beevaporated tothe surface of said heaters, an annular compartment R insaidcover, an inlet for liquid thereto tro supplying the liquid to beevaporated onto, the surface of said heaters, said troughs beingjournaled to revolve ontheir longitudinal yhorizontal axes, an annularcompartment VRV in said cover, an inlet for liquid thereto and outletsfor same therefrom, and pipes S severally connecting said outlets andtroughs for thepurpose setforth. e u i 3. In an evaporator thecombination with a heater b adapted to receive liquid flowing down thelsurl"ace.the'reof .in a film, of'a trough arranged horizontal and.parallel tothe surface of the heater and revoluble about its lon,:gitu'dinal axisfor the supply of liquid to said surface'.l

Y '4. In'an evaporator the combination of a casing, a heater bsuspendedtherein adapted to receive Aliquid flowing down the surface thfeeof'in avlilm,`and,a trough horizontal and parallel tothe surface of the'heater,a hollow trunnion :through whichl'iqui'd is supplied to saidtrough atone end and a'projecting trunnion for revolving the trough at'the otherend.

5. In kan evaporator the' combination of'a chamber A, a .coverB thereto,cross pipes-1c in` said cover and heaters composed each of a rectangularframe and two vsurface plates attached along the lower `facesrespectively Witnesses:

of` the pipes la and having a communication therewith equal in crosssectional area to the cross sectional area of the heater.

6. In an evaporator the combination of a chamber A, a cover B thereto,cross pipes la in said cover longitudinal slits s in said cross pipesand heaters com posed each of a frame having alower member and two sidemembers A perpendicular to the said lower member and two surface platesattached along the lower faces of said pipes k respectively and havinguninterrupted communication therewith through the slits :7.- In anevaporator, the combination of a Ychamber A, a cover B adapted to befixed airtight thereon, an outlet C in said cover, an annular passage Rtherein, aninlet forliquid thereto, and a series of outlets from saidpassage,l horizontal cross pipes lo in said cover,

s heaters composed each of a rectangular frame and two facingplatesconnected respectively to said cross pipes and suspended therebyin lthe chamber A, a series of troughs u one on each side of each heaterand revolublel on their longitudinal axes, hollow trunnions aty tachedto one end of said troughs and pipes.

S exterior to the chamberA and cover Boony necting the hollow trunnionsand outlets of passage R, the whole substantially as set yforth.

ln Witness whereofvl have signed this specilication in presence of twowitnesses.

EMIL PAssBURG.

DR. STAMMER, ERNST SToRoH.

